Before 1912, the starter motor was practically non-existent in automobiles. During that year, Cadillac introduced the first electrical starter motors into its vehicles, revolutionising car technology. Ford followed suit in 1919, and by 1920, almost all automobiles produced worldwide were equipped with electric starter motors.
So, what did people do before this time to start their cars? A simple crank on the front of most automobiles allowed the driver to start the engine by hand. However, this process was dangerous. The crank could unpredictably kick back, which often led to serious injuries such as broken hands or wrists. In some extreme cases, the driver could even be killed. The advent of electric starter motors made starting a car safer and more efficient.
The Invention of the Starter Motor
The electric starter motor is relatively simple in design, and it hasn’t changed much over the past century. It operates with a small electric motor that has a tightly wound coil of copper wire inside, positioned between two or more magnets. A current from the battery charges a large capacitor, which stores the energy needed to start the motor. This capacitor provides a burst of energy to the motor, allowing it to start the car.
- The electric motor’s shaft is connected to the starter flywheel, located in the engine block.
- Once the starter motor engages, it turns the flywheel, which begins the starting process.
- Although starter motors are not designed for continuous use, they operate efficiently for the short duration needed to start the vehicle.
Because the process is quick, most starter motors last for many years with little need for frequent repairs. However, over time, certain parts of the starter can wear out and may require attention.
Common Starter Motor Issues
Like all car components, starter motors can wear down over time. Automotive starter motors typically become problematic because of the degradation of copper contacts found inside the motor. These contacts are responsible for transmitting high-voltage electricity during the starting process. As they deteriorate, the motor may not function correctly.
If the contacts wear out, they can be replaced by a mechanic without the need to replace the entire motor. However, if the copper wire coil inside the motor becomes damaged, the motor may need to be replaced entirely.
- Wear and tear: The copper contacts within the starter motor can deteriorate over time, which may affect performance.
- Capacitor issues: The capacitor responsible for providing the burst of energy to the motor may also become faulty.
- Coil damage: If the internal coil is damaged, a full replacement of the motor may be necessary.
Replacing a Starter Motor
Replacing or refurbishing a starter motor can be a cost-effective alternative to purchasing a new one. Mechanics can replace the worn-out copper contacts or repair other minor issues to get the motor back in working order. However, replacing the entire motor may be required if there are more serious issues.
The starter motor is located near the rear of the engine, typically on one side of the engine block. When removing or replacing the motor, it’s essential to disconnect the car battery to avoid any electrical hazards. If you are not experienced in car repairs, it’s always advisable to have a mechanic handle this task.
Safety Precautions
Working with starter motors requires caution, particularly due to the high voltage involved. If you’re attempting to replace or repair the motor yourself, follow these safety precautions:
- Always disconnect the car battery before working on the starter motor.
- Ensure you are familiar with the motor’s location and components.
- Avoid contact with the large capacitor, as it can store electrical energy even after the battery is disconnected.
- Consider having a second person with you in case of any accidents during the repair process.
Conclusion
Starter motors have revolutionised car technology, making vehicle operation safer and more convenient since the early 20th century. Though simple in design, they are crucial for the functionality of any car. Ensuring your starter motor is in good condition will help you avoid unexpected breakdowns and expensive repairs down the line.
If you notice any issues with your starter motor, such as difficulty starting your vehicle or strange sounds, it’s best to consult a professional mechanic to have it inspected or replaced.
